Volumetric Interferometry Using Spherical Wave Interference for Three-dimensional Coordinate Metrology

Thermal Infrared Optical Metrology using Quadri-Wave Lateral Shearing Interferometry

We present the application of Quadri-Wave Lateral Shearing Interferometry (QWLSI), a wave front sensing technique, to characterize thermal infrared lenses for wavelengths within 8 and 14μm. Wave front sensing is not only a tool to quantify optical quality, but also to map the local (dust, scratches) or global possible defects. This method offers the crucial advantage that it yields an analyzed ...

Dimensional Metrology and Frequency Sweeping Interferometry

Three Dimensional Metrology

Building a precision machine has always been a very expensive and time-consuming job. The project described in this paper [1] was part of a revolution in the design and building of precision measuring machines and machine tools. Two very important principles were described in the paper: the error correction of a measuring machine and multiple redundancy and statistical analysis of measurement a...

Three-dimensional Volumetric Ultrasonography of Enlarged Adrenal Gland in Dog

Objective: Detection and evaluation of adrenal glands are complex problems in conventional ultrasonography in dogs. Using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography (US) in adrenal gland volume evaluation can add new potential for further adrenal studies. Design: Descriptive study Animals: a total of 10 mix breed dogs Procedures: The dogs underwent two dimensional (2D) and 3D US of the adrenal g...

A Mathematical Model for Indian Ocean Circulation in Spherical Coordinate

In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on climate variability than previously thought. This paper reviews processes in which the IO is, or appears to be, actively involved. We begin the mathematical model with a pattern for summer monsoon winds. Three dimensional temperature and velocity fields are calculated analytically for the ocean forced by ...